Askling, H. H. and Zavadska, D.
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccine in the national immunisation programme – for whom, when and where? Acta Paediatr. Published online August 26, 2025. doi:10.1111/apa.70280
The reported incidence and severity of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in children are generally lower than in adults. Nevertheless, TBE virus infection in children can lead to substantial neurological sequelae, including cognitive impairment, memory loss, and behavioral changes. Long-term neurocognitive and psychological consequences are frequently observed following the acute phase, often resulting in diminished concentration, memory, and academic performance.
Given that TBE is a serious disease even in pediatric populations, early vaccination is advantageous. In several European countries, including Germany and Slovenia, vaccination of young children is already incorporated into national recommendations, typically beginning at 1 or 3 years of age. However, other endemic countries (e.g., the Czech Republic, Estonia, Lithuania, Norway, Slovakia) have not yet included pediatric TBE vaccination in their national immunization programs (NIPs).
The authors of the publication propose that TBE vaccination should be incorporated into NIPs across all endemic regions. TBE vaccines are safe and effective from the age of 1 year. The optimal starting age should be determined by national child healthcare logistics to maximize vaccination coverage. Early immunization not only protects children but also contributes to broader population-level protection by preventing TBE and its complications in adulthood.