{"id":11515,"date":"2019-03-04T08:27:18","date_gmt":"2019-03-04T08:27:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tbenews.com\/?p=11515"},"modified":"2019-05-14T18:26:13","modified_gmt":"2019-05-14T10:26:13","slug":"snapshot-week-10-2019-development-of-vaccines-to-reduce-tick-infestation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tbenews.com\/tbe\/snapshot-week-10-2019-development-of-vaccines-to-reduce-tick-infestation\/","title":{"rendered":"Snapshot week 10\/2019
– Development of vaccines to reduce tick infestation"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ndawula et al.
\nConstituting a glutathione S-transferase-cocktail vaccine against tick infestation
\nVaccine 2019, in press, doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.02.039<\/p>\n

The development of vaccines to reduce tick infestation is one way to reduce the burden of disease in the veterinary field. A potential target for a vaccine with a broad spectrum against ticks includes the glutathione S-transferase (GST). GST comprises a family of enzymes which can catalyze the conjugation of the reduced form of glutathione to endogenous and xenobiotic substrates in order to detoxify them. GST enzymes are ubiquitous in ticks. Brazilian scientists have cloned and expressed in E. coli the GSTs of some tick species of economic interest: Amblyomma variegatum, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, R. decloratus, R. microplus<\/em> and Haemaphysalis longicornus<\/em>. The recombinant GSTs had different immunogenicity and induced antibodies with different cross-reactivity. The authors have tested various cocktails of different GSTs and finally decided for a bivalent combination using the GSTs of A. variegatum<\/em> and R. decloratus<\/em>, because this combination showed the broadest cross-reactivity of induced antibodies in rabbits. When rabbits immunized with this bivalent vaccine were infested with R. sanguineus<\/em> ticks these female ticks fed on vaccinated animals were smaller than those fed on a control group and the number of ticks that finished engorgement was significantly lower (37.3% reduction). In addition, vaccinated animals were more susceptible to lower concentrations of acaricides. These results show that a vaccine cocktail of recombinant tick GSTs may be able to reduce the size of tick population on hosts.<\/p>\n<\/span>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ndawula et al. Constituting a glutathione S-transferase-cocktail vaccine against tick infestation Vaccine 2019, in press, doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.02.039 The development of vaccines to reduce tick infestation is one way to reduce the burden of disease in the veterinary field. A potential target for a vaccine with a broad spectrum against ticks includes the glutathione S-transferase (GST). GST comprises a family of enzymes which can catalyze the conjugation of the reduced form of glutathione to endogenous and xenobiotic substrates in order to detoxify them. GST enzymes are ubiquitous in ticks. Brazilian scientists have cloned and expressed in E. coli the GSTs of some tick species of economic interest: Amblyomma variegatum, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, R. decloratus, R. microplus and Haemaphysalis longicornus. The recombinant GSTs had different immunogenicity and induced antibodies with different cross-reactivity. The authors have tested various cocktails of different GSTs and finally decided for a bivalent combination using the GSTs of A. variegatum and R. decloratus, because this combination showed the broadest cross-reactivity of induced antibodies in rabbits. When rabbits immunized with this bivalent vaccine were infested with R. sanguineus ticks these female ticks fed on vaccinated animals were smaller than those fed on a control group and the number of ticks that finished engorgement was significantly lower (37.3% reduction). In addition, vaccinated animals were more susceptible to lower concentrations of acaricides. These results show that a vaccine cocktail of recombinant tick GSTs may be able to reduce the size of tick population on hosts.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":12864,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[224,223,222,221],"coauthors":[81],"class_list":["post-11515","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-snapshot","tag-brazil","tag-cross-reactivity","tag-target-antigen","tag-tick-vaccine"],"yoast_head":"\nSnapshot week 10\/2019 - Development of vaccines to reduce tick infestation - TBE Book<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tbenews.com\/tbe\/snapshot-week-10-2019-development-of-vaccines-to-reduce-tick-infestation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Snapshot week 10\/2019 - Development of vaccines to reduce tick infestation - TBE Book\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ndawula et al. Constituting a glutathione S-transferase-cocktail vaccine against tick infestation Vaccine 2019, in press, doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.02.039 The development of vaccines to reduce tick infestation is one way to reduce the burden of disease in the veterinary field. A potential target for a vaccine with a broad spectrum against ticks includes the glutathione S-transferase (GST). GST comprises a family of enzymes which can catalyze the conjugation of the reduced form of glutathione to endogenous and xenobiotic substrates in order to detoxify them. GST enzymes are ubiquitous in ticks. Brazilian scientists have cloned and expressed in E. coli the GSTs of some tick species of economic interest: Amblyomma variegatum, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, R. decloratus, R. microplus and Haemaphysalis longicornus. The recombinant GSTs had different immunogenicity and induced antibodies with different cross-reactivity. The authors have tested various cocktails of different GSTs and finally decided for a bivalent combination using the GSTs of A. variegatum and R. decloratus, because this combination showed the broadest cross-reactivity of induced antibodies in rabbits. When rabbits immunized with this bivalent vaccine were infested with R. sanguineus ticks these female ticks fed on vaccinated animals were smaller than those fed on a control group and the number of ticks that finished engorgement was significantly lower (37.3% reduction). In addition, vaccinated animals were more susceptible to lower concentrations of acaricides. These results show that a vaccine cocktail of recombinant tick GSTs may be able to reduce the size of tick population on hosts.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/tbenews.com\/tbe\/snapshot-week-10-2019-development-of-vaccines-to-reduce-tick-infestation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"TBE Book\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-03-04T08:27:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-05-14T10:26:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/tbenews.com\/tbe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/TBE-Snapshots.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1180\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"250\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Michael Br\u00f6ker\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Michael Br\u00f6ker\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/snapshot-week-10-2019-development-of-vaccines-to-reduce-tick-infestation\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/snapshot-week-10-2019-development-of-vaccines-to-reduce-tick-infestation\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin2\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0a8b244b58f45d5403617040720bfca5\"},\"headline\":\"Snapshot week 10\\\/2019 – Development of vaccines to reduce tick infestation\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-03-04T08:27:18+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-05-14T10:26:13+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/snapshot-week-10-2019-development-of-vaccines-to-reduce-tick-infestation\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":253,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/snapshot-week-10-2019-development-of-vaccines-to-reduce-tick-infestation\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/11\\\/TBE-Snapshots.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Brazil\",\"cross-reactivity\",\"target antigen\",\"tick vaccine\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Snapshot\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/snapshot-week-10-2019-development-of-vaccines-to-reduce-tick-infestation\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/snapshot-week-10-2019-development-of-vaccines-to-reduce-tick-infestation\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/snapshot-week-10-2019-development-of-vaccines-to-reduce-tick-infestation\\\/\",\"name\":\"Snapshot week 10\\\/2019 - 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