{"id":2527,"date":"2017-01-16T14:22:46","date_gmt":"2017-01-16T06:22:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.id-ea.info\/?p=2527"},"modified":"2023-05-12T11:53:11","modified_gmt":"2023-05-12T03:53:11","slug":"tbe12b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tbenews.com\/tbe\/tbe12b8\/","title":{"rendered":"Czech Republic"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
<\/a><\/span>
\n

TBE in the Czech Republic<\/strong><\/h1>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Petr Pazdiora<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

E-CDC risk status: endemic<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(data as of end 2022)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

History and current situation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The TBE virus (TBEV) was first isolated in the Czech Republic by Czech scientists in 1948-1949 from both a patient and also from Ixodes ricinus<\/em> ticks.1<\/sup><\/a> However, even before 1948, etiologically unclear summer cases of viral meningoencephalitis had been reported, and likely, at least in part, they are attributable to the TBE virus. These cases were reported mostly from patients in the districts of Beroun (Central Bohemia), Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 (East Bohemia), Vy\u0161kov (South Moravia), and occasionally from the neighborhood of Prague. The official reports of these probable cases of \u201dtick-borne encephalitis\u201d were registered in the database of the National Institute of Public Health in Prague since 1945.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first TBEV isolation was accomplished from blood and cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with meningoencephalitis. Other successful isolations were from subjects with a history of a tick bite. The first successful attempt of isolation of the TBE virus from different developmental stages of I. ricinus<\/em> ticks, collected in forests of the district Beroun, was in 1949. The analysis of an outbreak of meningoencephalitis in Ro\u017e\u0148ava in south-eastern Slovakia in 1951 from Czech and Slovak specialists ended with the discovery of the alimentary transmission of the TBE virus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The definition of TBE for reporting changed in the following decades. Following a ministerial decree from 1970, only clinically-manifested, laboratory-confirmed cases of TBE were to be reported to the central surveillance center. The number of case characteristics collected from TBE patients has gradually increased ever since 1982. Since 1993, the national reporting system (EPIDAT) has been computerized. TBE surveillance was established by Regulation No. 275\/2010, Annex No. 28.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Czech Republic is a highly TBE endemic country. Many cases are associated with outdoor activities (camping, living in secondary residences in the countryside, hiking, hunting, fishing, mushrooming), while the incidence of occupational transmission has decreased over the last years (in 2022: 20 cases, i.e., 2.8% among foresters and farmers). Numbers of imported cases from abroad are very low with only 1 case (0.2%) in 2021 and 5 cases (0.7%) in 2022. The geographical distribution of TBE is changing. The gradual spread of TBE into formerly unaffected districts, namely into the border districts of the country at higher altitudes is highlighted. Long-term observations confirm a shift of age-specific incidence rates to older age groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The period of the transmission of TBE is changing too. The \u201cTBE-season\u201d with detection of cases is longer than 30\u201350 years ago and lasts from March to December. These changes of basic epidemiological characteristics may be due to climatic changes, changes of environmental and\/or other factors. These factors are affecting the different interactions between TBEV, its vectors and vertebrate hosts too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vaccine uptake is very low, the highest rate is reached in the age group of 18\u201324-year-olds, the lowest among children younger than 4 years; however, there is no central vaccination registry. Data from 8 international telephone surveys in 2009, 2013, 2015, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022 which covered the whole Czech population and defined a \u201cvaccinated person\u201d as someone having received \u22651 dose vaccine uptake, was estimated to be 16, 23, 24, 25, 29, 33, 33 and 38%, respectively. Unpublished data from some Czech regions indicate that vaccine uptake with \u22653 doses is even lower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Overview of TBE in the Czech Republic<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Table 1: Virus, vector, transmission of TBE in the Czech Republic<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Viral subtypes, distribution<\/td>\nEuropean subtype – no other information available<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Reservoir animals<\/td>\nApodemus sylvaticus, Apodemus flavicollis, Myodes glareolus, Microtus agrestis, Sciurus vulgaris, Erinaceus roumanicus, Sorex araneus, Talpa europaea<\/em>15<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Indicator animals<\/td>\nCapreolus capreolus, Cervus elaphus, Sus scrofa, Canis lupus, Oeservis ammon, Bos taurus, Capra aegagrus hircus<\/em>15<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Infected tick species (%)<\/td>\n1970\u20132022: 156\/127,579 (0.122%)16<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dairy product transmission<\/td>\nRare: 1997\u20132008: 0.9%11<\/sup><\/a>; 1993\u20132019: 3.4%18<\/sup><\/a>; 2022: 0.4%14<\/sup><\/a>
Children and adolescents (1993-2019): 6.8%17<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>
\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Table 2: TBE-reporting and vaccine prevention in the Czech Republic<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
 <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mandatory TBE reporting<\/td>\nEach case of TBE is reported by the diagnosing physicians to the respective public health authorities after obtaining positive findings from biological specimens.
Only confirmed cases on the basis of clinical and lab criteria are reported.1<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Other TBE-surveillance<\/td>\nNo information available<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Special clinical features<\/td>\nBiphasic disease: 1994\u20131997: 80%15<\/sup><\/a>
Children and adolescents (1993\u20132012): 58%10<\/sup><\/a>
Risk groups: no information available<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
 <\/td>\n% with sequelae: children and adolescents (1993\u20132012): 3%10
<\/sup><\/a>Mortality: case fatality rate (1960\u20132019): 0.79%17<\/sup><\/a>; (1970\u20132008): 0.55%12<\/sup><\/a>; (2018\u20132022): 0.55%14<\/sup><\/a>
Children and adolescents (1960\u20132019): 0.2%17<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Available vaccines<\/td>\nFSME-IMMUN (Baxter, Pfizer) since 1990,
Encepur (Bavarian Nordic) since 1996.
Doses sold: No information available<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vaccination recommendations and reimbursement<\/td>\nFirst recommendation 1990, latest recommendation February 8, 2016.
Partial reimbursement from health insurances started in 1993, different strategies of different health insurances in individual years.
Total reimbursement from health insurances for people 50 years old and over started in 2022.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vaccine uptake by age group\/ risk group\/ general population<\/td>\nNo valid nationwide information available, results from telephone surveys in 2009, 2013, 2015, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 indicate a vaccine uptake in the general population of 16, 23, 24, 25, 29, 33, 33 and 38%2-9<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Name, address\/website of TBE National Reference Center<\/td>\nNational Reference Laboratory for arboviruses, Public Health Institut Ostrava, Partyz\u00e1nsk\u00e9 n\u00e1m. 7, 702 00 Ostrava
https:\/\/zuova.cz\/Home\/Page\/NRL-arboviry16<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>
\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

Figure 1:<\/span> Burden of TBE in the Czech Republic over time14<\/sup><\/a><\/h3>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>
<\/div>\n

Click the image above to enlarge<\/p>\n

Source data \n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
Year<\/th>Number of Cases<\/th>Incidence \/ 105<\/sup><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1945<\/td>35<\/td>0.33<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1946<\/td>146<\/td>1.53<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1947<\/td>112<\/td>1.28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1948<\/td>267<\/td>3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1949<\/td>265<\/td>2.98<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1950<\/td>375<\/td>4.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1951<\/td>155<\/td>1.72<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1952<\/td>240<\/td>2.65<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1953<\/td>1800<\/td>19.69<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1954<\/td>1167<\/td>12.68<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1955<\/td>927<\/td>10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1956<\/td>675<\/td>7.23<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1957<\/td>839<\/td>8.93<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1958<\/td>744<\/td>7.89<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1959<\/td>294<\/td>3.11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1960<\/td>958<\/td>9.92<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1961<\/td>564<\/td>5.88<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1962<\/td>285<\/td>2.96<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1963<\/td>685<\/td>7.08<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1964<\/td>258<\/td>2.65<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1965<\/td>407<\/td>4.16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1966<\/td>289<\/td>2.94<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1967<\/td>308<\/td>3.13<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1968<\/td>216<\/td>2.19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1969<\/td>217<\/td>2.19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1970<\/td>502<\/td>5.06<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1971<\/td>305<\/td>3.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1972<\/td>316<\/td>3.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1973<\/td>502<\/td>5.06<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1974<\/td>397<\/td>3.97<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1975<\/td>378<\/td>3.76<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1976<\/td>374<\/td>3.69<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1977<\/td>309<\/td>3.0.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1978<\/td>175<\/td>1.71<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1979<\/td>598<\/td>5.81<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1980<\/td>246<\/td>2.38<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1981<\/td>139<\/td>1.35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1982<\/td>348
\n<\/td>		3.37
\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1983<\/td>172<\/td>1.63<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1984<\/td>320<\/td>3.16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1985<\/td>350<\/td>3.44<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1986<\/td>333<\/td>3.22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1987<\/td>178<\/td>4.81<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1988<\/td>191<\/td>1.84<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1989<\/td>166<\/td>1.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1990<\/td>193<\/td>1.86<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1991<\/td>356<\/td>3.45<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1992<\/td>337<\/td>3.28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1993<\/td>618<\/td>6.09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1994<\/td>619<\/td>5.99<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1995<\/td>727<\/td>7.19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1996<\/td>571<\/td>5.54<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1997<\/td>412<\/td>4.03<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1998<\/td>422<\/td>4.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1999<\/td>490<\/td>4.77<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2000<\/td>709<\/td>7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2001<\/td>633<\/td>6.19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2002<\/td>647<\/td>6.34<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2003<\/td>606<\/td>5.94<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2004<\/td>507<\/td>4.97<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2005<\/td>642<\/td>6.28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2006<\/td>1028<\/td>10.02<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2007<\/td>546<\/td>5.29<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2008<\/td>633<\/td>6.05<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2009<\/td>816<\/td>7.78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2010<\/td>587<\/td>5.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2011<\/td>861<\/td>8.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2012<\/td>573<\/td>5.45<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2013<\/td>626<\/td>5.94<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2014<\/td>410<\/td>3.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2015<\/td>355<\/td>3.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2016<\/td>565<\/td>5.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2017<\/td>687<\/td>6.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2018<\/td>715<\/td>6.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2019<\/td>774<\/td>7.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2020<\/td>855<\/td>8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2021<\/td>594<\/td>5.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2022<\/td>710<\/td>6.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

Figure 2:<\/span> Age and gender distribution of TBE in the Czech Republic (2022)14<\/sup><\/a><\/h3>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>
<\/div>\n

Click the image above to enlarge<\/p>\n

Source data \n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
Age group (years)<\/th>Males<\/th>Females<\/th>All
\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
0-9<\/td>43<\/td>25<\/td>68<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10-19<\/td>34<\/td>28<\/td>62<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20-29<\/td>37<\/td>22<\/td>59<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30-39<\/td>52<\/td>39<\/td>91<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40-49<\/td>74<\/td>57<\/td>131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50-59<\/td>55<\/td>43<\/td>98<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60-69<\/td>64<\/td>48<\/td>112<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u226570<\/td>53<\/td>36<\/td>89<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Total<\/td>412<\/td>298<\/td>710<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>
\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

Figure 3a:<\/span> Probable TBE cases transmitted in individual regions of the Czech Republic (2022)<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/a> <\/a>          \n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Figure 3b:<\/span> Incidence (per 100,000) of TBE in the individual regions of the Czech Republic (2022)<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>

<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Click the image above to enlarge<\/p>\n

Regional data according to cases and viral isolation from ticks are not available. The first map shows the numbers of probable TBE cases and the second the incidences of TBE by region.
\nNote: Readers may also wish to review the accompanying chapter for Slovakia, given the geographic proximity and national history of these countries. Author\u2019s note: Evidence of reported cases in Czechoslovakia cover the period 1945\u20131992; cases have been tracked independently in Slovakia since 1993. \n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Contact:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

pazdiora@fnplzen.cz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Citation:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pazdiora P. TBE in Czech Republic. Chapter 12b. In: Dobler G, Erber W, Br\u00f6ker M, Schmitt HJ, eds. The TBE Book<\/em>. 6th ed. Singapore: Global Health Press; 2023. doi:10.33442\/26613980_12b8-6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

References<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. <\/a>Daniel M, Benes C, Danielova V, Kriz B. Sixty years of research of tick-borne encephalitis–a basis of the current knowledge of the epidemiological situation in Central Europe. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. <\/em>2011;60(4):135-55.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. <\/a>Fessel \u2013 GfK. Tick-borne encephalitis, a study sponsored by Baxter. 2009.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. <\/a>Fessel \u2013 GfK. Tick-borne encephalitis, a study sponsored by Baxter. 2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. <\/a>Fessel \u2013 GfK. Tick-borne encephalitis, a study sponsored by Pfizer. 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. <\/a>Fessel \u2013 GfK. Tick-borne encephalitis, a study sponsored by Pfizer. 2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. <\/a>Ipsos: TBE Awareness Coverage and Compliance Research 2019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. <\/a>Ipsos: TBE Awareness Coverage and Compliance Research 2020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. <\/a>Ipsos: TBE Awareness Coverage and Compliance Research 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. <\/a>Ipsos: TBE Awareness Coverage and Compliance Research 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. <\/a>Krbkova L, Stroblova H., Bednarova J. Clinical course and sequalae for tick-borne encephalitis among children in South Moravia (Czech Republic). Eur J Pediatr<\/em>. 2015174(4):449-58.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11. <\/a>Kriz B, Benes C, Daniel M. Alimentary transmission of tick-borne encephalitis in the Czech Republic (1997-2008). Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. <\/em>2009;58(2):98-103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12. <\/a>Kriz B, Maly M, Benes C, Daniel M. Epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis in the Czech Republic 1970-2008. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis<\/em>. 2012;12(11):994-9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  13. <\/a>Pazdiora P, Struncova V, Svecova M. Tick-borne encephalitis in children and adolescents in the Czech Republic between 1960 and 2007. World J Pediatr<\/em>. 2012;8(4):363-6.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  14. <\/a>Pazdiora P., Gasparek M. The analysis of the register of compulsorily notifiable diseases (EPIDAT 1993-2017; ISIN 2018-2021) – unpublished data<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  15. <\/a>R\u016f\u017eek D, Danielova V, Daniel M, Chmelik V, Chrdle A, Pazdiora P, et al. Kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1 encefalitida<\/em>. 1st ed. Praha; 2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  16. <\/a>Zelena H. Pr\u016fkaz viru KE v kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165atech, \u010cesk\u00e1 republika 1970-2021. 2022; https:\/\/zuova.cz\/Home\/Page\/NRL-arboviry<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  17. <\/a>Pazdiora P, Prokopova M, Svecova M, Tomaskova H. Tick-borne Encephalitis in Children and Adolescents in the West Bohemian Region (Czech Republic) between 1960 and 2019. The 29th Meeting of the Czech Society for Epidemiology and Microbiology, PED 2020, in Pilsen, the Czech Republic, from 15-17 September, 2020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  18. <\/a>Pazdiora P, Prokopova M, Kudova J, Tomaskova H.  Tick-borne Encephalitis in the West Bohemian Region (Czech Republic) between 1960 and 2021. The Meeting of the Czech Society for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Prague, 1st March 2022.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/span>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    TBE in the Czech Republic Petr Pazdiora E-CDC risk status: endemic (data as of end 2022) History and current situation The TBE virus (TBEV) was first isolated in the Czech Republic by Czech scientists in 1948-1949 from both a patient and also from Ixodes ricinus ticks.1 However, even before 1948, etiologically unclear summer cases of viral meningoencephalitis had been reported, and likely, at least in part, they are attributable to the TBE virus. These cases were reported mostly from patients in the districts of Beroun (Central Bohemia), Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 (East Bohemia), Vy\u0161kov (South Moravia), and occasionally from the neighborhood of Prague. The official reports of these probable cases of \u201dtick-borne encephalitis\u201d were registered in the database of the National Institute of Public Health in Prague since 1945. The first TBEV isolation was accomplished from blood and cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with meningoencephalitis. Other successful isolations were from subjects with a history of a tick bite. The first successful attempt of isolation of the TBE virus from different developmental stages of I. ricinus ticks, collected in forests of the district Beroun, was in 1949. The analysis of an outbreak of meningoencephalitis in Ro\u017e\u0148ava in south-eastern Slovakia in 1951 from Czech and Slovak specialists ended with the discovery of the alimentary transmission of the TBE virus. The definition of TBE for reporting changed in the following decades. Following a ministerial decree from 1970, only clinically-manifested, laboratory-confirmed cases of TBE were to be reported to the central surveillance center. The number of case characteristics collected from TBE patients has gradually increased ever since 1982. Since 1993, the national reporting system (EPIDAT) has been computerized. TBE surveillance was established by Regulation No. 275\/2010, Annex No. 28. The Czech Republic is a highly TBE endemic country. Many cases are associated with outdoor activities (camping, living in secondary residences in the countryside, hiking, hunting, fishing, mushrooming), while the incidence of occupational transmission has decreased over the last years (in 2022: 20 cases, i.e., 2.8% among foresters and farmers). Numbers of imported cases from abroad are very low with only 1 case (0.2%) in 2021 and 5 cases (0.7%) in 2022. The geographical distribution of TBE is changing. The gradual spread of TBE into formerly unaffected districts, namely into the border districts of the country at higher altitudes is highlighted. Long-term observations confirm a shift of age-specific incidence rates to older age groups. The period of the transmission of TBE is changing too. The \u201cTBE-season\u201d with detection of cases is longer than 30\u201350 years ago and lasts from March to December. These changes of basic epidemiological characteristics may be due to climatic changes, changes of environmental and\/or other factors. These factors are affecting the different interactions between TBEV, its vectors and vertebrate hosts too. Vaccine uptake is very low, the highest rate is reached in the age group of 18\u201324-year-olds, the lowest among children younger than 4 years; however, there is no central vaccination registry. Data from 8 international telephone surveys in 2009, 2013, 2015, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022 which covered the whole Czech population and defined a \u201cvaccinated person\u201d as someone having received \u22651 dose vaccine uptake, was estimated to be 16, 23, 24, 25, 29, 33, 33 and 38%, respectively. Unpublished data from some Czech regions indicate that vaccine uptake with \u22653 doses is even lower. Overview of TBE in the Czech Republic Table 1: Virus, vector, transmission of TBE in the Czech Republic Viral subtypes, distribution European subtype – no other information available Reservoir animals Apodemus sylvaticus, Apodemus flavicollis, Myodes glareolus, Microtus agrestis, Sciurus vulgaris, Erinaceus roumanicus, Sorex araneus, Talpa europaea15 Indicator animals Capreolus capreolus, Cervus elaphus, Sus scrofa, Canis lupus, Oeservis ammon, Bos taurus, Capra aegagrus hircus15 Infected tick species (%) 1970\u20132022: 156\/127,579 (0.122%)16 Dairy product transmission Rare: 1997\u20132008: 0.9%11; 1993\u20132019: 3.4%18; 2022: 0.4%14Children and adolescents (1993-2019): 6.8%17 Table 2: TBE-reporting and vaccine prevention in the Czech Republic     Mandatory TBE reporting Each case of TBE is reported by the diagnosing physicians to the respective public health authorities after obtaining positive findings from biological specimens.Only confirmed cases on the basis of clinical and lab criteria are reported.1 Other TBE-surveillance No information available Special clinical features Biphasic disease: 1994\u20131997: 80%15Children and adolescents (1993\u20132012): 58%10Risk groups: no information available   % with sequelae: children and adolescents (1993\u20132012): 3%10Mortality: case fatality rate (1960\u20132019): 0.79%17; (1970\u20132008): 0.55%12; (2018\u20132022): 0.55%14Children and adolescents (1960\u20132019): 0.2%17 Available vaccines FSME-IMMUN (Baxter, Pfizer) since 1990,Encepur (Bavarian Nordic) since 1996.Doses sold: No information available Vaccination recommendations and reimbursement First recommendation 1990, latest recommendation February 8, 2016.Partial reimbursement from health insurances started in 1993, different strategies of different health insurances in individual years.Total reimbursement from health insurances for people 50 years old and over started in 2022. Vaccine uptake by age group\/ risk group\/ general population No valid nationwide information available, results from telephone surveys in 2009, 2013, 2015, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 indicate a vaccine uptake in the general population of 16, 23, 24, 25, 29, 33, 33 and 38%2-9 Name, address\/website of TBE National Reference Center National Reference Laboratory for arboviruses, Public Health Institut Ostrava, Partyz\u00e1nsk\u00e9 n\u00e1m. 7, 702 00 Ostravahttps:\/\/zuova.cz\/Home\/Page\/NRL-arboviry16 Figure 1: Burden of TBE in the Czech Republic over time14 Click the image above to enlarge Source data Figure 2: Age and gender distribution of TBE in the Czech Republic (2022)14 Click the image above to enlarge Source data Figure 3a: Probable TBE cases transmitted in individual regions of the Czech Republic (2022)               Figure 3b: Incidence (per 100,000) of TBE in the individual regions of the Czech Republic (2022) Click the image above to enlarge Regional data according to cases and viral isolation from ticks are not available. The first map shows the numbers of probable TBE cases and the second the incidences of TBE by region. Note: Readers may also wish to review the accompanying chapter for Slovakia, given the geographic proximity and national history of these countries. Author\u2019s note: Evidence of reported cases in Czechoslovakia cover the period 1945\u20131992; cases<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":12813,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"coauthors":[65],"class_list":["post-2527","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-tbe-countries-czech-republic"],"yoast_head":"\nCzech Republic - TBE Book<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tbenews.com\/tbe\/tbe12b8\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Czech Republic - TBE Book\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"TBE in the Czech Republic Petr Pazdiora E-CDC risk status: endemic (data as of end 2022) History and current situation The TBE virus (TBEV) was first isolated in the Czech Republic by Czech scientists in 1948-1949 from both a patient and also from Ixodes ricinus ticks.1 However, even before 1948, etiologically unclear summer cases of viral meningoencephalitis had been reported, and likely, at least in part, they are attributable to the TBE virus. These cases were reported mostly from patients in the districts of Beroun (Central Bohemia), Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 (East Bohemia), Vy\u0161kov (South Moravia), and occasionally from the neighborhood of Prague. The official reports of these probable cases of \u201dtick-borne encephalitis\u201d were registered in the database of the National Institute of Public Health in Prague since 1945. The first TBEV isolation was accomplished from blood and cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with meningoencephalitis. Other successful isolations were from subjects with a history of a tick bite. The first successful attempt of isolation of the TBE virus from different developmental stages of I. ricinus ticks, collected in forests of the district Beroun, was in 1949. The analysis of an outbreak of meningoencephalitis in Ro\u017e\u0148ava in south-eastern Slovakia in 1951 from Czech and Slovak specialists ended with the discovery of the alimentary transmission of the TBE virus. The definition of TBE for reporting changed in the following decades. Following a ministerial decree from 1970, only clinically-manifested, laboratory-confirmed cases of TBE were to be reported to the central surveillance center. The number of case characteristics collected from TBE patients has gradually increased ever since 1982. Since 1993, the national reporting system (EPIDAT) has been computerized. TBE surveillance was established by Regulation No. 275\/2010, Annex No. 28. The Czech Republic is a highly TBE endemic country. Many cases are associated with outdoor activities (camping, living in secondary residences in the countryside, hiking, hunting, fishing, mushrooming), while the incidence of occupational transmission has decreased over the last years (in 2022: 20 cases, i.e., 2.8% among foresters and farmers). Numbers of imported cases from abroad are very low with only 1 case (0.2%) in 2021 and 5 cases (0.7%) in 2022. The geographical distribution of TBE is changing. The gradual spread of TBE into formerly unaffected districts, namely into the border districts of the country at higher altitudes is highlighted. Long-term observations confirm a shift of age-specific incidence rates to older age groups. The period of the transmission of TBE is changing too. The \u201cTBE-season\u201d with detection of cases is longer than 30\u201350 years ago and lasts from March to December. These changes of basic epidemiological characteristics may be due to climatic changes, changes of environmental and\/or other factors. These factors are affecting the different interactions between TBEV, its vectors and vertebrate hosts too. Vaccine uptake is very low, the highest rate is reached in the age group of 18\u201324-year-olds, the lowest among children younger than 4 years; however, there is no central vaccination registry. Data from 8 international telephone surveys in 2009, 2013, 2015, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022 which covered the whole Czech population and defined a \u201cvaccinated person\u201d as someone having received \u22651 dose vaccine uptake, was estimated to be 16, 23, 24, 25, 29, 33, 33 and 38%, respectively. Unpublished data from some Czech regions indicate that vaccine uptake with \u22653 doses is even lower. Overview of TBE in the Czech Republic Table 1: Virus, vector, transmission of TBE in the Czech Republic Viral subtypes, distribution European subtype – no other information available Reservoir animals Apodemus sylvaticus, Apodemus flavicollis, Myodes glareolus, Microtus agrestis, Sciurus vulgaris, Erinaceus roumanicus, Sorex araneus, Talpa europaea15 Indicator animals Capreolus capreolus, Cervus elaphus, Sus scrofa, Canis lupus, Oeservis ammon, Bos taurus, Capra aegagrus hircus15 Infected tick species (%) 1970\u20132022: 156\/127,579 (0.122%)16 Dairy product transmission Rare: 1997\u20132008: 0.9%11; 1993\u20132019: 3.4%18; 2022: 0.4%14Children and adolescents (1993-2019): 6.8%17 Table 2: TBE-reporting and vaccine prevention in the Czech Republic     Mandatory TBE reporting Each case of TBE is reported by the diagnosing physicians to the respective public health authorities after obtaining positive findings from biological specimens.Only confirmed cases on the basis of clinical and lab criteria are reported.1 Other TBE-surveillance No information available Special clinical features Biphasic disease: 1994\u20131997: 80%15Children and adolescents (1993\u20132012): 58%10Risk groups: no information available   % with sequelae: children and adolescents (1993\u20132012): 3%10Mortality: case fatality rate (1960\u20132019): 0.79%17; (1970\u20132008): 0.55%12; (2018\u20132022): 0.55%14Children and adolescents (1960\u20132019): 0.2%17 Available vaccines FSME-IMMUN (Baxter, Pfizer) since 1990,Encepur (Bavarian Nordic) since 1996.Doses sold: No information available Vaccination recommendations and reimbursement First recommendation 1990, latest recommendation February 8, 2016.Partial reimbursement from health insurances started in 1993, different strategies of different health insurances in individual years.Total reimbursement from health insurances for people 50 years old and over started in 2022. Vaccine uptake by age group\/ risk group\/ general population No valid nationwide information available, results from telephone surveys in 2009, 2013, 2015, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 indicate a vaccine uptake in the general population of 16, 23, 24, 25, 29, 33, 33 and 38%2-9 Name, address\/website of TBE National Reference Center National Reference Laboratory for arboviruses, Public Health Institut Ostrava, Partyz\u00e1nsk\u00e9 n\u00e1m. 7, 702 00 Ostravahttps:\/\/zuova.cz\/Home\/Page\/NRL-arboviry16 Figure 1: Burden of TBE in the Czech Republic over time14 Click the image above to enlarge Source data Figure 2: Age and gender distribution of TBE in the Czech Republic (2022)14 Click the image above to enlarge Source data Figure 3a: Probable TBE cases transmitted in individual regions of the Czech Republic (2022)               Figure 3b: Incidence (per 100,000) of TBE in the individual regions of the Czech Republic (2022) Click the image above to enlarge Regional data according to cases and viral isolation from ticks are not available. The first map shows the numbers of probable TBE cases and the second the incidences of TBE by region. Note: Readers may also wish to review the accompanying chapter for Slovakia, given the geographic proximity and national history of these countries. Author\u2019s note: Evidence of reported cases in Czechoslovakia cover the period 1945\u20131992; cases\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/tbenews.com\/tbe\/tbe12b8\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"TBE Book\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-01-16T06:22:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-05-12T03:53:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/tbenews.com\/tbe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Czech-Republic.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1180\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"250\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Administrator admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Administrator admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/tbe12b8\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/tbe12b8\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Administrator admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/dd436937ad52c89f92315a6488c1d2c7\"},\"headline\":\"Czech Republic\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-01-16T06:22:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-05-12T03:53:11+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/tbe12b8\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1301,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/tbe12b8\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/01\\\/Czech-Republic.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Czech Republic\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/tbe12b8\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/tbe12b8\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/tbe12b8\\\/\",\"name\":\"Czech Republic - 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TBE Book","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/tbenews.com\/tbe\/tbe12b8\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Czech Republic - TBE Book","og_description":"TBE in the Czech Republic Petr Pazdiora E-CDC risk status: endemic (data as of end 2022) History and current situation The TBE virus (TBEV) was first isolated in the Czech Republic by Czech scientists in 1948-1949 from both a patient and also from Ixodes ricinus ticks.1 However, even before 1948, etiologically unclear summer cases of viral meningoencephalitis had been reported, and likely, at least in part, they are attributable to the TBE virus. These cases were reported mostly from patients in the districts of Beroun (Central Bohemia), Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 (East Bohemia), Vy\u0161kov (South Moravia), and occasionally from the neighborhood of Prague. The official reports of these probable cases of \u201dtick-borne encephalitis\u201d were registered in the database of the National Institute of Public Health in Prague since 1945. The first TBEV isolation was accomplished from blood and cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with meningoencephalitis. Other successful isolations were from subjects with a history of a tick bite. The first successful attempt of isolation of the TBE virus from different developmental stages of I. ricinus ticks, collected in forests of the district Beroun, was in 1949. The analysis of an outbreak of meningoencephalitis in Ro\u017e\u0148ava in south-eastern Slovakia in 1951 from Czech and Slovak specialists ended with the discovery of the alimentary transmission of the TBE virus. The definition of TBE for reporting changed in the following decades. Following a ministerial decree from 1970, only clinically-manifested, laboratory-confirmed cases of TBE were to be reported to the central surveillance center. The number of case characteristics collected from TBE patients has gradually increased ever since 1982. Since 1993, the national reporting system (EPIDAT) has been computerized. TBE surveillance was established by Regulation No. 275\/2010, Annex No. 28. The Czech Republic is a highly TBE endemic country. Many cases are associated with outdoor activities (camping, living in secondary residences in the countryside, hiking, hunting, fishing, mushrooming), while the incidence of occupational transmission has decreased over the last years (in 2022: 20 cases, i.e., 2.8% among foresters and farmers). Numbers of imported cases from abroad are very low with only 1 case (0.2%) in 2021 and 5 cases (0.7%) in 2022. The geographical distribution of TBE is changing. The gradual spread of TBE into formerly unaffected districts, namely into the border districts of the country at higher altitudes is highlighted. Long-term observations confirm a shift of age-specific incidence rates to older age groups. The period of the transmission of TBE is changing too. The \u201cTBE-season\u201d with detection of cases is longer than 30\u201350 years ago and lasts from March to December. These changes of basic epidemiological characteristics may be due to climatic changes, changes of environmental and\/or other factors. These factors are affecting the different interactions between TBEV, its vectors and vertebrate hosts too. Vaccine uptake is very low, the highest rate is reached in the age group of 18\u201324-year-olds, the lowest among children younger than 4 years; however, there is no central vaccination registry. Data from 8 international telephone surveys in 2009, 2013, 2015, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022 which covered the whole Czech population and defined a \u201cvaccinated person\u201d as someone having received \u22651 dose vaccine uptake, was estimated to be 16, 23, 24, 25, 29, 33, 33 and 38%, respectively. Unpublished data from some Czech regions indicate that vaccine uptake with \u22653 doses is even lower. Overview of TBE in the Czech Republic Table 1: Virus, vector, transmission of TBE in the Czech Republic Viral subtypes, distribution European subtype – no other information available Reservoir animals Apodemus sylvaticus, Apodemus flavicollis, Myodes glareolus, Microtus agrestis, Sciurus vulgaris, Erinaceus roumanicus, Sorex araneus, Talpa europaea15 Indicator animals Capreolus capreolus, Cervus elaphus, Sus scrofa, Canis lupus, Oeservis ammon, Bos taurus, Capra aegagrus hircus15 Infected tick species (%) 1970\u20132022: 156\/127,579 (0.122%)16 Dairy product transmission Rare: 1997\u20132008: 0.9%11; 1993\u20132019: 3.4%18; 2022: 0.4%14Children and adolescents (1993-2019): 6.8%17 Table 2: TBE-reporting and vaccine prevention in the Czech Republic     Mandatory TBE reporting Each case of TBE is reported by the diagnosing physicians to the respective public health authorities after obtaining positive findings from biological specimens.Only confirmed cases on the basis of clinical and lab criteria are reported.1 Other TBE-surveillance No information available Special clinical features Biphasic disease: 1994\u20131997: 80%15Children and adolescents (1993\u20132012): 58%10Risk groups: no information available   % with sequelae: children and adolescents (1993\u20132012): 3%10Mortality: case fatality rate (1960\u20132019): 0.79%17; (1970\u20132008): 0.55%12; (2018\u20132022): 0.55%14Children and adolescents (1960\u20132019): 0.2%17 Available vaccines FSME-IMMUN (Baxter, Pfizer) since 1990,Encepur (Bavarian Nordic) since 1996.Doses sold: No information available Vaccination recommendations and reimbursement First recommendation 1990, latest recommendation February 8, 2016.Partial reimbursement from health insurances started in 1993, different strategies of different health insurances in individual years.Total reimbursement from health insurances for people 50 years old and over started in 2022. Vaccine uptake by age group\/ risk group\/ general population No valid nationwide information available, results from telephone surveys in 2009, 2013, 2015, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 indicate a vaccine uptake in the general population of 16, 23, 24, 25, 29, 33, 33 and 38%2-9 Name, address\/website of TBE National Reference Center National Reference Laboratory for arboviruses, Public Health Institut Ostrava, Partyz\u00e1nsk\u00e9 n\u00e1m. 7, 702 00 Ostravahttps:\/\/zuova.cz\/Home\/Page\/NRL-arboviry16 Figure 1: Burden of TBE in the Czech Republic over time14 Click the image above to enlarge Source data Figure 2: Age and gender distribution of TBE in the Czech Republic (2022)14 Click the image above to enlarge Source data Figure 3a: Probable TBE cases transmitted in individual regions of the Czech Republic (2022)               Figure 3b: Incidence (per 100,000) of TBE in the individual regions of the Czech Republic (2022) Click the image above to enlarge Regional data according to cases and viral isolation from ticks are not available. The first map shows the numbers of probable TBE cases and the second the incidences of TBE by region. Note: Readers may also wish to review the accompanying chapter for Slovakia, given the geographic proximity and national history of these countries. Author\u2019s note: Evidence of reported cases in Czechoslovakia cover the period 1945\u20131992; cases","og_url":"https:\/\/tbenews.com\/tbe\/tbe12b8\/","og_site_name":"TBE Book","article_published_time":"2017-01-16T06:22:46+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-05-12T03:53:11+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1180,"height":250,"url":"https:\/\/tbenews.com\/tbe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Czech-Republic.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Administrator admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Administrator admin","Est. reading time":"8 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/tbenews.com\/tbe\/tbe12b8\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/tbenews.com\/tbe\/tbe12b8\/"},"author":{"name":"Administrator admin","@id":"https:\/\/tbenews.com\/tbe\/#\/schema\/person\/dd436937ad52c89f92315a6488c1d2c7"},"headline":"Czech Republic","datePublished":"2017-01-16T06:22:46+00:00","dateModified":"2023-05-12T03:53:11+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/tbenews.com\/tbe\/tbe12b8\/"},"wordCount":1301,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/tbenews.com\/tbe\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/tbenews.com\/tbe\/tbe12b8\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/tbenews.com\/tbe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Czech-Republic.jpg","articleSection":["Czech Republic"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/tbenews.com\/tbe\/tbe12b8\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/tbenews.com\/tbe\/tbe12b8\/","url":"https:\/\/tbenews.com\/tbe\/tbe12b8\/","name":"Czech Republic - 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