{"id":28283,"date":"2026-05-28T18:25:25","date_gmt":"2026-05-28T10:25:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tbenews.com\/tbe\/?p=28283"},"modified":"2026-05-28T18:43:03","modified_gmt":"2026-05-28T10:43:03","slug":"snapshot-week-23-2026-seasonality-of-tbe-virus-prevalence-in-southern-norway","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tbenews.com\/tbe\/snapshot-week-23-2026-seasonality-of-tbe-virus-prevalence-in-southern-norway\/","title":{"rendered":"Snapshot week 23\/2026<br> Seasonality of TBE Virus Prevalence in Southern Norway"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"cb-itemprop\" itemprop=\"reviewBody\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Norway, TBE cases are currently restricted to counties in the southernmost part of the country (Buskerud, \u00d8stfold, Vestfold, Telemark, and Agder), although ticks infected with TBE virus have also been identified in other regions of Norway.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The prevalence of TBE virus is expected to be seasonally influenced by microclimatic variables such as temperature and humidity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A study was conducted to evaluate monthly variation in TBE virus prevalence from 2017 to 2022, including nymphal and adult <em>Ixodes ricinus<\/em> ticks collected in Mandal, a TBE-endemic area in southern Norway characterized by high tick density.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A total of 29,715 questing ticks were collected by flagging\/dragging between 2017 and 2022, including 2,716 pools of nymphs and 2,555 individual adults. The average estimated pool prevalence (EPP) of TBE virus in nymphs was 0.3%, while the average prevalence in adults was 1.8%. Prevalence fluctuated over time, with the highest EPP in nymphs observed in 2021 (0.8%), whereas the virus was undetectable in 2018, 2019, and 2022. In adults, the highest prevalence was observed in 2017 (9.0%), while no virus was detected in 2018 or 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the virus was detectable in both life stages (2017, 2020, and 2021), the month with the highest average EPP in nymphs was July (0.8%), followed by August (0.7%). In adults, the highest average prevalence occurred in June (8.6%), followed by May (4.4%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When comparing the monthly number of positive pools with the total number of analysed pools in nymphs from 2017 to 2022 against weather variables, the best-fitting model included only the heat sum of the previous month. The results indicated that, in southern Norway, greater accumulated heat is associated with increased prevalence of TBE virus in both nymphal and adult <em>I. ricinus<\/em> ticks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Mandal, relative humidity tends to remain stable throughout the year. Summers in southern Norway are expected to become drier and longer over the coming decades, while the growing season is also expected to increase in length. These environmental changes may have varying effects on TBE virus prevalence in ticks. Annual variation in TBE virus prevalence may also be linked to fluctuations in rodent population dynamics.<\/p>\n<\/span>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In Norway, TBE cases are currently restricted to counties in the southernmost part of the country (Buskerud, \u00d8stfold, Vestfold, Telemark, and Agder), although ticks infected with TBE virus have also been identified in other regions of Norway. The prevalence of TBE virus is expected to be seasonally influenced by microclimatic variables such as temperature and humidity. A study was conducted to evaluate monthly variation in TBE virus prevalence from 2017 to 2022, including nymphal and adult Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in Mandal, a TBE-endemic area in southern Norway characterized by high tick density. A total of 29,715 questing ticks were collected by flagging\/dragging between 2017 and 2022, including 2,716 pools of nymphs and 2,555 individual adults. The average estimated pool prevalence (EPP) of TBE virus in nymphs was 0.3%, while the average prevalence in adults was 1.8%. Prevalence fluctuated over time, with the highest EPP in nymphs observed in 2021 (0.8%), whereas the virus was undetectable in 2018, 2019, and 2022. In adults, the highest prevalence was observed in 2017 (9.0%), while no virus was detected in 2018 or 2019. When the virus was detectable in both life stages (2017, 2020, and 2021), the month with the highest average EPP in nymphs was July (0.8%), followed by August (0.7%). In adults, the highest average prevalence occurred in June (8.6%), followed by May (4.4%). When comparing the monthly number of positive pools with the total number of analysed pools in nymphs from 2017 to 2022 against weather variables, the best-fitting model included only the heat sum of the previous month. The results indicated that, in southern Norway, greater accumulated heat is associated with increased prevalence of TBE virus in both nymphal and adult I. ricinus ticks. In Mandal, relative humidity tends to remain stable throughout the year. Summers in southern Norway are expected to become drier and longer over the coming decades, while the growing season is also expected to increase in length. These environmental changes may have varying effects on TBE virus prevalence in ticks. Annual variation in TBE virus prevalence may also be linked to fluctuations in rodent population dynamics.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":94681,"featured_media":20968,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,1324],"tags":[923,357,1380,234,523,1382,1346,1339,445,1381],"coauthors":[1108],"class_list":["post-28283","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-snapshot","category-snapshot-2026","tag-climate","tag-ixodes-ricinus","tag-mandal","tag-norway","tag-prevalence","tag-seasonality","tag-tick-borne-encephalitis-virus","tag-tick-borne-encephalitis-virus-tbev","tag-ticks","tag-weather"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Snapshot week 23\/2026 Seasonality of TBE Virus Prevalence in Southern Norway - TBE Book<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tbenews.com\/tbe\/snapshot-week-23-2026-seasonality-of-tbe-virus-prevalence-in-southern-norway\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Snapshot week 23\/2026 Seasonality of TBE Virus Prevalence in Southern Norway - TBE Book\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In Norway, TBE cases are currently restricted to counties in the southernmost part of the country (Buskerud, \u00d8stfold, Vestfold, Telemark, and Agder), although ticks infected with TBE virus have also been identified in other regions of Norway. The prevalence of TBE virus is expected to be seasonally influenced by microclimatic variables such as temperature and humidity. A study was conducted to evaluate monthly variation in TBE virus prevalence from 2017 to 2022, including nymphal and adult Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in Mandal, a TBE-endemic area in southern Norway characterized by high tick density. A total of 29,715 questing ticks were collected by flagging\/dragging between 2017 and 2022, including 2,716 pools of nymphs and 2,555 individual adults. The average estimated pool prevalence (EPP) of TBE virus in nymphs was 0.3%, while the average prevalence in adults was 1.8%. Prevalence fluctuated over time, with the highest EPP in nymphs observed in 2021 (0.8%), whereas the virus was undetectable in 2018, 2019, and 2022. In adults, the highest prevalence was observed in 2017 (9.0%), while no virus was detected in 2018 or 2019. When the virus was detectable in both life stages (2017, 2020, and 2021), the month with the highest average EPP in nymphs was July (0.8%), followed by August (0.7%). In adults, the highest average prevalence occurred in June (8.6%), followed by May (4.4%). When comparing the monthly number of positive pools with the total number of analysed pools in nymphs from 2017 to 2022 against weather variables, the best-fitting model included only the heat sum of the previous month. The results indicated that, in southern Norway, greater accumulated heat is associated with increased prevalence of TBE virus in both nymphal and adult I. ricinus ticks. In Mandal, relative humidity tends to remain stable throughout the year. Summers in southern Norway are expected to become drier and longer over the coming decades, while the growing season is also expected to increase in length. These environmental changes may have varying effects on TBE virus prevalence in ticks. Annual variation in TBE virus prevalence may also be linked to fluctuations in rodent population dynamics.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/tbenews.com\/tbe\/snapshot-week-23-2026-seasonality-of-tbe-virus-prevalence-in-southern-norway\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"TBE Book\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-05-28T10:25:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-05-28T10:43:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/tbenews.com\/tbe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/TBE-Snapshots.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1180\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"250\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"logesan\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"logesan\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/snapshot-week-23-2026-seasonality-of-tbe-virus-prevalence-in-southern-norway\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/snapshot-week-23-2026-seasonality-of-tbe-virus-prevalence-in-southern-norway\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"logesan\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/eea00490409f8d848a28485d0f68fac3\"},\"headline\":\"Snapshot week 23\\\/2026 Seasonality of TBE Virus Prevalence in Southern Norway\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-28T10:25:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-05-28T10:43:03+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/snapshot-week-23-2026-seasonality-of-tbe-virus-prevalence-in-southern-norway\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":335,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/snapshot-week-23-2026-seasonality-of-tbe-virus-prevalence-in-southern-norway\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/TBE-Snapshots.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"climate\",\"Ixodes ricinus\",\"Mandal\",\"Norway\",\"prevalence\",\"seasonality\",\"tick-borne encephalitis virus\",\"tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV)\",\"Ticks\",\"weather\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Snapshot\",\"Snapshot 2026\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/snapshot-week-23-2026-seasonality-of-tbe-virus-prevalence-in-southern-norway\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tbenews.com\\\/tbe\\\/snapshot-week-23-2026-seasonality-of-tbe-virus-prevalence-in-southern-norway\\\/\",\"name\":\"Snapshot week 23\\\/2026 Seasonality of TBE Virus Prevalence in Southern Norway - 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The prevalence of TBE virus is expected to be seasonally influenced by microclimatic variables such as temperature and humidity. A study was conducted to evaluate monthly variation in TBE virus prevalence from 2017 to 2022, including nymphal and adult Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in Mandal, a TBE-endemic area in southern Norway characterized by high tick density. A total of 29,715 questing ticks were collected by flagging\/dragging between 2017 and 2022, including 2,716 pools of nymphs and 2,555 individual adults. The average estimated pool prevalence (EPP) of TBE virus in nymphs was 0.3%, while the average prevalence in adults was 1.8%. Prevalence fluctuated over time, with the highest EPP in nymphs observed in 2021 (0.8%), whereas the virus was undetectable in 2018, 2019, and 2022. In adults, the highest prevalence was observed in 2017 (9.0%), while no virus was detected in 2018 or 2019. When the virus was detectable in both life stages (2017, 2020, and 2021), the month with the highest average EPP in nymphs was July (0.8%), followed by August (0.7%). In adults, the highest average prevalence occurred in June (8.6%), followed by May (4.4%). When comparing the monthly number of positive pools with the total number of analysed pools in nymphs from 2017 to 2022 against weather variables, the best-fitting model included only the heat sum of the previous month. The results indicated that, in southern Norway, greater accumulated heat is associated with increased prevalence of TBE virus in both nymphal and adult I. ricinus ticks. In Mandal, relative humidity tends to remain stable throughout the year. Summers in southern Norway are expected to become drier and longer over the coming decades, while the growing season is also expected to increase in length. These environmental changes may have varying effects on TBE virus prevalence in ticks. 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