Page 444 - TBE_Book_V2_2019

Chapter 14

Prevention:

Vaccines and Immunoglobulins

Eva-Maria Pöllabauer and Herwig Kollaritsch

Key Points

• Worldwide there are 6 different TBE vaccines – two from Western Europe, three from Russia and
one from China. The two western European vaccines and one of the Russian vaccines have an adult
and a pediatric formulation.

• The products names are FSME IMMUN and FSME-IMMUN Junior; Encepur adults and Encepur
children, Klesch-E-Vac, EnceVir and EnceVir Neo, Dry lyophilized TBE Moscow and Sen Tai Bao

• All TBE vaccines except the one from China have similar but not identical immunization sched-
ules with primary immunization (>3 doses) and regular booster vaccinations. For FSME-IMMUN,
Encepur and EnceVir a rapid immunization schedules is also licensed. The Chinese vaccine is giv-
en with 2 primary doses 2 weeks apart followed by annual boosters.

• All vaccines induce significant immune responses. In the absence of a formal correlate of pro-
tection, the presence of neutralizing antibodies is used as a surrogate marker for protection.

• Recent clinical studies show long-term seropersistence of TBE antibodies after the first booster
vaccination (dose 4) with the two European vaccines.

• An effectiveness of approximately 99% (years 2000–2006) and 98,7% (years 2000-2011) was
calculated for regularly vaccinated persons in Austria, a country with established high vaccina-
tion uptake.

• Whereas in Western Europe post-exposure prophylaxis with immunoglobulins was discontinued
in the late 1990s, in the highly endemic regions of Russia it continues to be common practice.

• Both FSME-IMMUN and Encepur are well tolerated with a well-established safety profile.
TBE-Moscow and EnceVir appear to be somewhat more reactogenic.

Active immunization

The first generation of tick-borne encephalitis formulations and growth media were adapted
(TBE) vaccines was produced in Russia; these step-by-step to result in the currently used
vaccines were based on the Far Eastern TBE TBE vaccines, details of which are summarized
virus (TBEV-FE) strain Sofjin, and were mouse- in Table 1. The 2 so called ‘Western vaccines’
brain propagated. Over several decades, are FSME-IMMUN, which is licensed through

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