Page 70 - TBE_Book_V2_2019

Chapter 3: Transmission /Natural cycle

Continuation of Table 1
Nests, Transstadial survival
burrows,
and transovarial
caves, Hedgehog,
Ixodes transmission; TBEV. Radda 1973;
rock wild
(Pholeoixodes) Isolated from female Krivanec et al. 1988;
shelters, carnivores, ES and nymph infesting a Valarcher et al. 2015;
dog dogs, rarely
hedgehog; and from a Streissle 1960
kennels human
pool of 3 females from
and also
red fox
buildings
Hedgehog,
Ixodes Nests, wild Little is known Radda et al. 1968;
(Pholeoixodes) ? about the vector
90,91 burrows carnivores, Radda 1973
canisuga competence
dogs

Detection of TBEV;
Ixodes vector competence Hillyard 1996;
(Scaphix Labuda and Nuttall
Nests Birds ES and importance in
odes) 2004; Obsomer et al.
transmission cycle
2013
unknown
Mammals
It is believed that it is
Ixodes Shady (ca. 50 the main vector and Nowak-Chmura and
(Exopalpiger) mixed and species), reservoir of TBEV Siuda 2012;
trianguliceps 146, deciduous birds, and a ES
148 among the small Valarcher et al. 2015
forests viviparous
mammals
lizard
Two possible isolates
Seabirds from ticks of a bird
from the colony in the Barent
Ixodes
northern Sea; preliminary Bekleshova et al.
(Ceratixodes) Nests and the ES
uriae 149 identification as TBEV 1970
southern by antigenic
hemisphere properties; no further
information available
Principal vector for the
Siberian and Far Demina et al. 2010;
Ixodes (Ixodes) Deciduous Birds, Eastern subtypes from Alekseev et al.
persulcatus and mixed mammals, ES, SS, north-eastern Europe
forests human FES 1996;
to the Russian Far East, Süss 2011
China and Japan

ES, European subtype (TBEV-EU); FES, Far Eastern subtype (TBEV-FE); SS, Siberian subtype (TBEV-Sib)
* Reference for tick habitat and host: Nowak-Chmura and Siuda, 2012; Petney et al., 2012;
Guglielmone et al., 2014

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