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Chapter 12a: Epidemiology by country – overview

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journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/367
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TBE risk areas type of information does not give a clear
picture on TBE endemic areas because often
While the challenges of detecting TBE cases in the exact place of TBE infection cannot be
Europe have been described above, here we determined with certainty. Thus some TBE
look at the collection of data to identify TBEV- cases are ‘lost’ for surveillance and reporting
endemic areas. Again, several methods are by location. Overall, data on TBEV distribution
employed in different countries for epidemio- are incomplete, heterogeneous between the
9
logical mapping: different countries, and sometimes even
inconsistent for the same country.
1) testing of ticks and animal reservoirs for
the presence of TBEV (especially by In the end, estimating the risk of infection by
molecular diagnostic techniques); TBEV in a specific (endemic or non-endemic)
area is impossible for several reasons.
2) seroprevalence studies of populations
exposed to ticks; 1) The epidemiology of TBE is the result of a
and complex interaction between reservoir
animals, birds, ticks, plants, climate,
3) description of clinical cases with verifiable
tracking of the place where the infection weather, and human behavior (including
vaccine uptake; see Chapters 3 and 13 for
was acquired.
details). These variables change annually
Each of these methods gives only a part of the resulting in great annual differences in case
complete picture. Some countries report the numbers, as is well demonstrated in
geographic prevalence of TBE based on the Chapter 12b (country-specific summaries)
incidence of human cases only. However, this as well as in Table 2.

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