Page 322 - TBE_Book_V2_2019

Chapter 12b: TBE in Kazakhstan

Overview of TBE in Kazakhstan

Table 1: Virus, vector, transmission of TBE in Kazakhstan
12
Siberian subtype, Almaty region
Viral subtypes, distribution 13
Siberian subtype, Eastern Kazakhstan region
Reservoir animals No information available
By virology studies (1970): 14
 74% of natural foci are located in the mountains
 26% – in the steppe, forest-steppe foci
 In the mountain foci, 51% of collections are I. persulcatus and 30.8% - D.
pictus
 In the steppe – 97-99% of collections are D. marginatus and 1-3 are D.
pictus
 In the forest-steppe zone – D. marginatus, D. pictus occur equally often
 90% of TBE patients are in the mountain foci

The tick infection rate of long-term data:
In mountain foci of Zailiyskiy and Dzhungarskiy Alatau (Almaty region) 14
 I. persulcatus – 83/26 of positive pooles (each pool - 10 to 30 ticks) – 31.3%;
 D. pictus – 65/19 – 29.2%

The Steppe foci of Central Kazakhstan –
 D. marginatus – 134/44 – 32.7%

The steppe foci of Northern Kazakhstan –
 D. marginatus – 15/5 – 33.3%
Infected tick species (%)

Forest-steppe –
 D. marginatus, D. pictus – 23/5 – 16.6%

15
By ELISA on TBEV Ag (2014-2015):
I. persulcatus 18.6–21.8%
D. marginatus 32.1–74.2%
D. reticulatus 33.3–33.3%
D. niveus 34.8–45.4%
H. punctata 33.3–47.0%
R. turanicus 14.8–15.7%

16
By PCR in Almaty region (2014–2016)
 Talgar
I. persulcatus 504 ticks/103 pools pos. 22 (21.3%)
 Esyk
I. persulcatus 79/17 pos. 5 (29.4%)
Haemophysalis punctata 444/96 pos. 1 (1.0%)
 Tekeli
I. persulcatus 610/123 pos. 19 (15.4%)
D. marginatus 50/12 pos. 1 (8.3%)

Dairy product transmission Not documented—rare—frequent

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