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Chapter 2a: Virology
54. Lorenz IC, Allison SL, Heinz FX, Helenius A. 64. Yoshii K, Yanagihara N, Ishizuka M, Sakai M,
Folding and dimerization of tick-borne Kariwa H. N- linked glycan in tick-borne
encephalitis virus envelope proteins prM and encephalitis virus envelope protein affects
E in the endoplasmic reticulum. viral secretion in mammalian cells, but not in
J Virol. 2002;76:5480-91. tick cells. J Gen Virol. 2013;94:2249-58.
55. Goto A, Yoshii K, Obara M, et al. Role of the N-
linked glycans of the prM and E envelope 65. Heinz FX. Molecular aspects of TBE virus
proteins in tick-borne encephalitis virus research. Vaccine. 2003;21 Suppl 1:S3-S10.
particle secretion. Vaccine. 2005;23:3043- 52.
66. Heinz FX, Allison SL. Flavivirus structure and
membrane fusion. Adv Virus Res. 2003;59:63-
56. Dropulic LK, Cohen JI. Severe viral infections
and primary immunodeficiencies. Clin Infect 97.
Dis. 2011;53:897-909.
67. Nowak T, Wengler G. Analysis of disulfides
present in the membrane proteins of the West
57. Elshuber S, Allison SL, Heinz FX, Mandl CW.
Cleavage of protein prM is necessary for Nile flavivirus. Virology. 1987;156:127-37.
infection of BHK-21 cells by tick- borne
encephalitis virus. J Gen Virol. 2003;84:183- 68. McMinn PC. The molecular basis of virulence
91. of the encephalitogenic flaviviruses. J Gen
Virol. 1997;78:2711-22.
58. Stadler K, Allison SL, Schalich J, Heinz FX.
Proteolytic activation of tick-borne 69. Holzmann H, Stiasny K, Ecker M, Kunz C, Heinz
encephalitis virus by furin. J Virol. FX. Characterization of monoclonal antibody-
1997;71:8475-81. escape mutants of tick-borne encephalitis
virus with reduced neuroinvasiveness in mice.
J Gen Virol. 1997;78:31-7.
59. Yoshii K, Igarashi M, Ichii O, et al. A conserved
region in the prM protein is a critical
determinant in the assembly of flavivirus 70. Khasnatinov MA, Ustanikova K, Frolova TV, et
particles. J Gen Virol. 2012;93:27-38. al. Non-hemagglutinating flaviviruses:
molecular mechanisms for the emergence of
new strains via adaptation to European ticks.
60. Gritsun TS, Holmes EC, Gould EA. Analysis of
flavivirus envelope proteins reveals variable PLoS One. 2009;4:e7295.
domains that reflect their antigenicity and
may determine their pathogenesis. Virus Res. 71. Labuda M, Jiang WR, Kaluzova M, et al.
1995;35:307-21. Change in phenotype of tick-borne
encephalitis virus following passage in Ixodes
ricinus ticks and associated amino acid
61. Rey FA, Heinz FX, Mandl C, Kunz C, Harrison
SC. The envelope glycoprotein from tick-borne substitution in the envelope protein. Virus
encephalitis virus at 2 A resolution. Nature. Res. 1994;31:305-15.
1995;375:291-8. 72. Goto A, Hayasaka D, Yoshii K, et al. A BHK-21
cell culture-adapted tick-borne encephalitis
62. Holzmann H, Stiasny K, York H, et al. Tick- virus mutant is attenuated for
borne encephalitis virus envelope protein E- neuroinvasiveness. Vaccine. 2003;21:4043-51.
specific monoclonal antibodies for the study
of low pH-induced conformational changes 73. Mandl CW, Allison SL, Holzmann H, Meixner T,
and immature virions. Arch Virol. Heinz FX. Attenuation of tick-borne
1995;140:213-21. encephalitis virus by structure-based site-
specific mutagenesis of a putative flavivirus
63. Fritz R, Stiasny K, Heinz FX. Identification of receptor binding site. J Virol. 2000;74:9601-9.
specific histidines as pH sensors in flavivirus
membrane fusion. J Cell Biol. 2008;183:353-
61.
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